Traffic Rules in India

Learn the driving rules, licence and document requirements, safety laws and fines every driver should know for the RTO test and for safe driving.

Driving Basics

Keep to the left side of the road

In India all vehicles drive on the left and overtake from the right.
Driving Basics

Overtaking rules

Overtake only from the right, only when the road ahead is clear.
Driving Basics

Lane discipline

Stay in your lane and change lanes only after signalling.
Driving Basics

Indicators and signals

Signal your intention early and cancel the signal after the turn.
Driving Basics

Speed limits

Never exceed the speed limit shown on the road sign.
Driving Basics

Traffic lights and stop lines

Stop behind the stop line when the light is red or amber.
Right of Way

Giving way at junctions

Give way to traffic on the main road and to vehicles already in the junction.
Right of Way

Roundabout rules

Give way to traffic already on the roundabout.
Right of Way

Pedestrians and zebra crossings

Stop for pedestrians on a zebra crossing and never park on it.
Right of Way

Ambulance and emergency vehicles

Give way to ambulances, fire engines and police vehicles at once.
Licence & Documents

Learner licence

You need a learner licence before you learn to drive on public roads.
Licence & Documents

Driving licence and validity

A valid driving licence is compulsory to drive any motor vehicle.
Licence & Documents

Documents to carry

Carry your licence, RC, insurance and pollution certificate.
Licence & Documents

Driving by minors

A minor who drives makes the guardian or owner liable.
Safety Rules

Helmet for two wheeler riders

Rider and pillion must wear a BIS certified helmet with the strap fastened.
Safety Rules

Seat belt

The driver and all passengers must wear a seat belt.
Safety Rules

Children on two wheelers

A child under 4 needs a helmet and a safety harness.
Safety Rules

Drunk driving

Never drive after drinking. The legal limit is 30 mg alcohol per 100 ml blood.
Safety Rules

Using a mobile phone while driving

Do not hold or use a phone while driving.
Safety Rules

Triple riding

A two wheeler may carry only one pillion rider.
Fines & Penalties

Dangerous driving

Rash and dangerous driving carries fine and possible jail.
Fines & Penalties

Driving without a licence

Driving without a valid licence is a punishable offence.
Fines & Penalties

Driving without insurance

Third party insurance is compulsory for every motor vehicle.
Fines & Penalties

Pollution Under Control (PUC)

Vehicles must hold a valid PUC certificate.
Parking & Etiquette

Where not to park

Do not park where you block traffic or reduce visibility.
Parking & Etiquette

Horn and silence zones

Do not use the horn near hospitals, schools and courts.
Parking & Etiquette

Headlights and night driving

Dip your headlights for oncoming traffic and avoid high beam in cities.

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Rules and fines are summarised from the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (as amended in 2019) and related rules. States may notify different amounts and updates, so confirm the latest position with your state transport department.

Frequently asked questions

Which side of the road do we drive on in India?

In India vehicles keep to the left side of the road, and overtaking is normally done from the right side.

What is the minimum age for a driving licence in India?

The minimum age is 18 years for most vehicles. A person aged 16 can drive a gearless two wheeler up to 50 cc with a licence and guardian consent.

How long is a learner licence valid?

A learner licence is valid for 6 months. You can apply for a permanent driving licence after 30 days of getting it.

What is the legal blood alcohol limit for driving?

The limit is 30 mg of alcohol per 100 ml of blood. Driving above it is an offence under Section 185 of the Motor Vehicles Act.

Is a helmet compulsory for the pillion rider?

Yes. Both the rider and the pillion rider must wear a BIS certified helmet. Not wearing it can lead to a fine and licence disqualification.

Which documents should I carry while driving?

Carry your driving licence, vehicle registration certificate, valid insurance and PUC certificate. Digital copies on DigiLocker or mParivahan are accepted.

Are the fines the same in every state?

The Motor Vehicles Act sets the main penalties, but states can notify different amounts for some offences. Check the latest notification of your state transport department.

Practise what you learn

Read the rules, then check yourself with our free RTO practice tests and the traffic signs library.